Buddhism is a teaching which has spread worldwide absorbing the culture
of each country it arrived in, which has resulted in many expressions
of Buddhism. Each strand, no matter how varied in nature and practice,
holds a common emphasis on the impermanence of human life. The worldwide
spread of Buddhism means that it is now practiced by over three hundred
million people worldwide, and thus, is generally considered to be a
world religion. However, its authenticity as a religion has often come
under scrutiny by intellectuals in the Western world. To explore whether
Buddhism can in fact be counted as a religion we must acknowledge that
the main problems arise when looking for a definition of what a religion
is. Either, definitions have proved too narrow excluding many belief
systems which people believe are religious, or they become too broad
which means that any structure can be counted. When applying varying
definitions of religion to Buddhism we come up with some very contradictory
answers; some which say that Buddhism is simply a philosophy or
teaching, whilst others will prove that it is in fact, a religion in practice.
To determine whether Buddhism is a religion or not, we must also note
that we, as Westerners will have different views and concepts of
religion to those practicing in the East. We must ask the question, is it even
possible for Westerners to understand the religious life of Asia? What
we view as Asian religion and religious activity is for most of the
people practicing it a natural part of daily life; our ideas and concepts
vary so greatly that perhaps someone observing Buddhism from a Western
perspective may never truly grasp the religiosity of the group.
For one attempting to provide a definition of religion these practices
would need to be described in a manner which did not exclude one
religion from the definition. There needs to be one thing that is attributed
to all religions, a common factor. For many, the common factor is God.
However, if we conclude that God is the focus of all religion then much
of the material found in Asia must be excluded because there is no God
here, and occasionally not even Gods. From the perspective that
religion entails belief in a God, Buddhism is excluded from having the title
of religion. Many outsiders to the Buddhist tradition may claim that the
Buddha held some divinity and is elevated to a Godly position, but the
Buddha himself refused to be regarded as divine. For the Buddha,
humanity is here to improve ourselves and achieve liberation rather than
worrying about ultimate questions. Buddhists would argue that knowledge of
a God or the afterlife does not matter as neither help in the quest for
nirvana.
If Buddhism is not counted as a religion then what is it? Buddhism can
be thought of as a way of life, a philosophy, a psychology, a way of
thinking through which we can take responsibility for our present life
and lives.
Like all major religions Buddhism contains a morality, rituals and
behaviours, certain ethical values and an origin of existence, yet because
Buddhists do not believe in an all knowing creator God some claim that
Buddhism fails to be a religion. The large variety of definitions of
religion shows that we can never give a solid, one answer description of
what it is that religion is and does.
We must remember that previously Buddhism has many names such as the
Buddha’s teaching or message, or the Buddha’s way or the path of
attainment. Although the religious status of Buddhism has come under constant
attack, we could argue that the questioning is in fact, not necessary.
If we were able to ask the Buddha if Buddhism was in fact a religion or
not he would probably answer with the response that it does not matter.
To the Buddhist, their beliefs are essentially a philosophy by which
individuals can attain release from the world of karma and rebirth.
Knowing whether or not Buddhism is a religion or not cannot lead to
salvation, only through practice and understanding can one be led to a
happiness which is not transient.
Copyright © 2005,buddhismnews.com. All rights reserved.
Helen Wyre an expert in Buddhist studies writes regularly for the daily
updated Buddhism News website. For more information, news and articles
on Buddhism, visit Buddhism News at
http://www.buddhismnews.com